Maintain a healthy weight and eat a balanced diet. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and kidney problems. You should build a healthy diet, reduce salt, and limit processed foods. Some vegetables, such as bell peppers, contain low potassium and sodium but are rich in vitamins A, C, B6, and folic acid, which support kidney function. Carrots, cauliflower, or zucchini are also good choices because they are easy to prepare and do not put pressure on this organ. These vegetables also provide fiber, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory compounds, contributing to a balanced diet.

Tobacco can cause blood vessel damage, reduce blood flow to the kidneys, and increase the risk of kidney cancer. Quitting smoking not only protects the kidneys but also brings overall health benefits over time.

Healthy adults should drink about 1.8-2 liters of water per day to keep the body hydrated and support the kidneys in eliminating sodium as well as harmful toxins. However, drinking too much water is not beneficial either. A simple way to assess your water intake is to observe the color of your urine. If the urine is pale yellow or almost clear, the body is adequately hydrated; if it is dark yellow, you may need to drink more.

High blood pressure, especially when accompanied by diabetes, heart disease, or blood lipid disorders, can severely affect the kidneys.

Regular exercise helps control weight, reduces the risk of chronic kidney disease, and supports blood pressure stabilization. Physical activity also contributes to improving cardiovascular health - a factor closely related to kidney function. You do not necessarily have to do heavy workouts; simply maintaining moderate activities like walking, light jogging, cycling, or dancing already brings many benefits to the body.

Keeping blood sugar levels stable is especially important for people with diabetes or those at risk of high blood sugar. When blood glucose is not used effectively by the body, the kidneys have to work harder to filter the blood, which can lead to damage over the long term.